03/16/11 ~ study study and study

Wednesday, 16 March 2011

Speak Gently

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Speak Gently

CHAPTER – 13
Central Idea
Reference
The writer of this poem is anonymous. But the tone of the poetry represents the peome is a part of Moorish poetry.
Central Idea
Speaking gently to everyone is a good trait in our character. By being gentle we are likely to loose nothing and gain much in terms of friendship. Good will and even material rewards. It places our character and personality in a very good light and creates an everlasting impression in the minds of others.
Theme
“Kindness is more important than wisdom and recognition of it is the beginning of wisdom.”
Summary
This Moorish poem is written by an anonymous poet. This poem emphasis upon speaking gently.
By speaking gently we can attain the spiritual power of rule. Treating someone harshly is a kind of moral sin which can devastate our good deeds.
Speak gently is the best way to train a child and win over his love and trust. If you don’t adopt the mild attitude your teachings will not persist for a prolong period.
Our attitude should be soft to the aged and old people in order to create such an atmosphere in which they can pass their remaining days peacefully.
Speak mildly does not cause and burden to you. These soft words create a forever impression on the other’s hearts. The reward of adopting this habit is that in this mortal world is the good deeds and the everlasting pleasure. It also brings reward in the eternal life.
Question and Answers
Q.1 What is the result of adopting harsh attitude?
Ans. To speak harshly is a kind of ethical and social sin which can devastate our good deeds we should produce mildness in our character. This is the only way through which we can provide security to our good deeds which we have done in this mortal world.
Q.2 What resemblance does he find between hearts and the deep well?
Ans. The poet finds resemblance between and deep well because like deep well we cannot assume what is deeply within human heart. One thing is sure that the soft words go deeply in the heart and we cannot assume these words out of the hearts.

Shopping

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Shopping

CHAPTER – 14
Question and Answers
Q.1 Why did mother ask Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping?
Ans. Mother asked Najma and Ajmal to go with her for shopping because their father was not at home. He was on tour and in his absence the mother had to do shopping. Moreover, they also have run out of groceries and provisions.
Q.2 How much fare did the taxi driver demanded?
Ans. Mother hired a taxi to reach the market and asked the driver about the fare. The taxi driver demanded twenty rupees before hand s the meter was out of order.
Q.3 What did mother tell the taxi-driver?
Ans. The mother was shocked by the demand of taxi driver because the fare was too much as the distance was hardly a kilometer. She further threatened that she would take him to traffic constable if he insisted on charging 20 rupees
Q.4 Where did mother and children go first for shopping?
Ans. Mother and children firstly went to the mutton market. Najma and Ajmal were astonished to see the Halal animals hanging in the market.
Q.5 What is the difference between beef and mutton?
Ans. The meat of cows, calves and buffaloes is called beef. Whereas mutton is the flesh of goats and sheep.
Q.6 What did mother buy at the butcher’s shop?
Ans. Firstly mother bargained with the butcher and settled the price at ninety rupees a kilo according to the price-list. Then she demands one kilo of leg and one kilo minced meat.
Q.7 Where did mother go after making purchases at the butcher?
Ans. After making purchases at the butcher’s mother headed towards the vegetables and fruit. She wanted to buy fresh and tasty vegetables for the incoming month.
Q.8 How did the mother buy bananas and apples?
Ans. Monthly firstly inquired the fruit sever about the price. Then she bought ten bananas at a rte of fifteen rupees and one kg apples at a cost of twenty rupees.
Q.9 What did mother buy last of all?
Ans. After making all purchases mother went to a poultry shop. She bought eggs and one kilo of dressed chicken at a rate of twenty and ninety rupees respectively.
Q.10 How far is the market from the house of Najma and Ajmal?
Ans. The market was not so far from the house of Najma and Ajmal. It was about a distance of one thousands metres.
Q.11 What did mother ask the children to do when they reached back home?
Ans. When they had reached back home, mother asked Ajmal to polish his own and Najma’s shoes. She order ordered Najma to iron the clothes.
Q.12 When do we use Metre, Kilometre, Kilo and Litre?
Ans. These are all measuring units of different quantities. Metre is used for measuring Length, Kilometre for distance, Kilo for weightsand Litre to measure liquids except with those of high viscosity.
Q.13 Give the reason why polythene bags are not being used all over the world? or What is / are the harmful effects of polythene bags?
Ans. Polythene bags are not being used all over the world because they are major source of water pollution. They lock the severage pipes and when the drains are chocked, the dirty water spills all over. There is no suitable way of disposing these bags.
Q.14 How can we call the mother a vigilant customer? or How did mother bargain for the price at the butcher’s shop?
Ans. We can call the mother a vigilant customer because before buying anything she seemed to be very conscious the price and quality of goods. At the butcher’s shop, she firstly inquired about the price. When she knew the price, she insisted on charging less rupees because the prices were exceeding the price list. The butcher started telling stories but finally he agreed on the low rate which shows the vigilance of mother.
Q.15 Why were Najma and Ajmal excited?
Ans. Najma and Ajmal were excited because the first time they were going for shopping. The idea of learning new and interesting things was making them excited.
‘Q.16 Why did Taxi driver demand 20 rupees for fare?
Ans. Taxi driver demanded 20 rupees for the fare because he wanted to make more money than the fare. As the meter of taxi was also our of order, so taking the advantage of this situation he wanted to charge 20 rupees.
Sentences
1. Beef: Beef is the flesh of cows, calves and buffaloes.
2. Calves: Calve beef is more tasty than cows and buffaloes.
3. Carton: This carton of soap contains 100 cakes of soap.
4. Cabbage: We grow fresh cabbages in the garden.
5. Hire: Aslam hired a taxi to reach the station.
6. Spices: Spices add delicious taste to the food.
7. Meter: We should not harm our gas and electric meter.
8. Unit: The unit of time in M.K.’s system is second.
9. Provisions: We buy provisions every month from the Sunday Bazar.
10. Mutton: Mutton is the flesh of goats and sheep.
Synonyms
1. Frightened – Afraid
2. Hail – Greet
3. Buy – Purchase
4. Carton – Box
5. Provisions – Supplies
6. Pointing – Hinting
7. Threaten – Warn
Opposites
1. Swim – Drown
2. Alive – Dead
3. Float – Sink
4. Front – Rear
5. Start – Stop
6. Boil – Freeze
7. Part – Whole
8. Buy – Sell
9. Agree – Differ
10. Reject – Accept
Grammar
1. Complete with Kilogram, Litre, Metres and Kilometres
1. My house is three kilometre from the railway.
2. This jar contains one kilogram of honey.
3. He measured out ten metres of rope.
4. The price of kerosene oil is five rupees a litre.
5. Sugar – cane is usually two to three metres long.
6. The speed of this aeroplane is seven hundreds kilometres and hour.
7. This car does twelve kilometres to a litre of petrol.
2.Complete with the following
out of order, out of date, enforce, in order, up-to-date, to date
1. The old system of weights and measures is no longer enforce.
2. You must revise your book and bring to up-to-date.
3. The Shopkeeper told him that their weighing machine was out of order.
4. I have received no letter from him to-date.
5. This rule is enforce, we must follow it.
6. That book was published ten years ago, it is completely out of date.
3. Complete with the following
with cake, bar, jar, packet, carton, bag, roll
1. A carton of soap contains 144 soap cakes.
2. Please bring a jar of Swat honey for me.
3. What is the price of one bag of flour?
4. The price of a cake of soap has increased by one rupee.
5. The shopkeeper charged me ninety rupees for this roll of cloth.
6. This chocolate is cheap at three rupees a bar.
7. This packet contains 25 biscuits.
4. Prepositions
1. The driver brought the taxi to a sudden halt.
2. He took off his old coat and put on the new one.
3. Please turn off the radio and turn on the T.V.
4. Before leaving the kitchen she put off the fire.
5. She turned out the cat and shut the door.
6. My friend turned up late from the cinema.
7. The watchman turned out to be thief.
8. The plane took off at 10′O Clock.
5. Change into Active Voice
1. He was robbed and beaten by some unknown persons.
Ans. Some unknown persons robbed and beat him.
2. The field was ploughed, the seed was sown and the crop was harvested by the farmer himself.
Ans. The farmer himself ploughed the field, sowed the seed nd harvested the crop.
6. Change into Passive Voice
1. She brushed, cleaned and ironed her coat.
Ans. The coat was brushed, cleaned and ironed by her.
2. I brought this news to him.
Ans. That news was brought to him by me.
Composition
You go shopping to buy a cloth for your School uniform Write a dialogue with the shopkeeper.
Me: “Hello sir, may I have a cloth for the school uniform?”
Shopkeeper: “Sure, wait a second.”
Me: “Is this purely cotton?”
Shopkeeper: “No, it is paper cotton. But assure you that it will last longer?”
Me: “Ok! But how can you say that the colour of trouser will not fade?”
Shopkeeper:It is my guarantee that the colour will not fade otherwise you can have your money back.”
Me: “Alright, how much it costs?”
Shopkeeper: “First tell me how much do you want?”
Me: “I need about 6 meters of the cloth.”
Shopkeeper: “Actually, the real price is 200 rupees but as you are our regular customer, you can have it at a cost of 18 rupees.”
Me: “It’s too expensive. Can’t you be more flexible?”
Shopkeeper: “No my son, because if I do so I will deprived of my profit.”
Me: “Ok, take these 180 rupees and pack the cloth.”
Shopkeeper: “No problem.”
Idioms
1. To have the lion’s share: To take the biggest share of something.
Example: Divide the cake into equal slices and don’t have the lion’s share for yourself.
Sentence: Divide the profit share equally and don’t have the lion’s share.
2. To same something for rainy day: To keep for some future security.
Example: He wanted all his savings and has save nothing for a rainy day.
Sentence: He lost all his money in gamble and didn’t save anything for a rainy day.
3. To cry over spilt milk: To grieve over something uselessly.
Example: The damage has been done, but instead of crying over spilt milk, do something to repair.
Sentence: It is useless crying over spilt milk.
4. Its high time: The moment has already come.
Example: The exams begin next month as its high time by now.
Sentence: The cricket match will start in twenty minutes so it’s high time we should leave for the stadium.

The Hand That Rocks the Cradle is the Hand That Rules The World

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The Hand That Rocks the Cradle is the Hand That Rules The World

CHAPTER – 15
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by William Ross Wallace, (1819-1881). He was born in Dexington, Kentucky. HiBs first poem appeared in 1837. He was lawyer by profession, but spent more time on literature. He composed patriotic songs during the civil wr which became popular. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.
Central Idea
The Central idea of this poem is that the first, noblest and most sacred mission of the mother is to bring up children. Mothers are the real builders of our nation, in the sense that the character of a children made or marred by the mother. It is said that:
“Educate women or mothers and the Nation will take charge of itself.”
Theme
A French idealogist Charles force said:
“One could judge the degree of civilization of a country by the social and political possession of its mother.”
Summary
This poem is written by famous American poet William Ross Wallace.
The poet is paying his homage to the mothers because of their holy and sacred task. The mothers bless the palace, cottage and poorman’s equally and make them colourful. Mother’s carry out a great sacred responsibility of bringing up the children. In this world, which is full of evils and vices, a mother is a mark of guidance and protection.
Mothers are the actual trainee of the children. Her affection enables the children to recognize divinity and obey command of Allah. A child’s character depends directly upon the mothers.
Behind every success of accomplishment of the great people is the hand of their mother. Due to the caring guidance which is given in a dedicated and caring manner, a mother can mold the character of a child in good shape.
Mother’s words are so sanctimonious that they are sure to accepted because they are strengthened by the worship of angles. So it is true that a mother’s hand that brings up a child is the same that governs every sphere of life.
Question and Answers
Q.1 Why does the poet compare mother’s hands to a rainbow?
Ans. The poet find resemblance between the mother’s hands and a rainbow because “rainbow” is symbol of peace, pleasure and happiness. It indicates that the storm has passed and difficulties have gone. Similarly a mother is a symbol of pity and pleasure who creates a peaceful and coming atmosphere for the whole family.
Q.2 What is guided by angles and how?
Ans. The chestity and grace of mothers is guided by angles. No one can destroy the spirit of the true mothers because it is protected by the holy angles. They bring divine blessings to the mothers which help the mothers to struggle with the tediums of life.
Q.3 Explain how the poet gives the credit for all great achievements of people to their mothers?
Ans. The poet gives the credit for all great accomplishment of people to their mothers because all the great personalities are prominent in the world due to the careful bringing up to their mothers. It’s only the result of mother’s caring guidance and training that the world is passing with the periods of humanstary and great successes.
Q.4 Describe the role of a mother?
Ans. The role of a mother is to bring up and train the children. Mother is an actual guiding force for the children because due to her training a child can instigate a high moral character. Mother also infest in the children the spirit to know the difference between good and evil. A child is virtuous or his bad character depends upon the guidance of mother.
Q.5 Why does the poet compare infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain?
Ans. The poet compares infancy (childhood) with the tender fountain because childhood is just like a sophisticated and delicated fountain which can be led to any stage of life i.e. good or bad. It is only a mother who can guide a very young soil to his destination success it or failure.
Q.6 What does it mean by “Sunshine streamed or evil hurled.”
Ans. Sunshine is a symbol of goodness and virtue. This phrase means that the structure of a man’s character depends mainly upon the mother’s. If the training of mother is goo it mean that she has infested a high moral character in her children. But if the guidance is not good and child’s character will prevail by evilness.
Q.7 Why does the poet say that the prayers of mothers on earth mingles with that said in heaven?
Ans. The poet says so because the prayers of a mothers are so sacred and holy that they are accompanied by the holy prayers of angle. So that, these prayers are enforced and strengthened. The words of mother keep a sanctimonious status to God, which cannot be neglected because they are also strengthened by the worship of angles.
Q.8 Describe the poetic diction of William Ross Wallace?
Ans.William Rose Wallace composed patriotic songs during the civil war which became popular. He was a friend of Edgar Allen Roe whom he resembled both in temperament and habits. He possessed a splendid imagination as well as poetic diction.
Q.9 How can the mother keep the young heart open and for what?
Ans. Mother has a very divine task to complete which starts right from the beginning of the child’s life and continues till the end. She keeps the young heart open in such a way that the child can understand and accept the divine commands of Allah.

An African Village

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An African Village

CHAPTER – 16
Question and Answers
Q.1 How many independent countries are there in Africa and where is Nigeria?
Ans. Africa is the second largest continent which consists of more than twenty five independent countries. Nigeria is one of the largest countries of Africa. It is in West Africa.
Q.2 What is the bush area made up of and where do most Nigeria farmers live?
Ans. The bush area is consisted of scattered trees with heavy undergrowth in the form of thick bush and grass. Most of the Nigerian farmers live in the villages and farm settlements in the bush area. They construct huts and live in those huts.
Q.3 What is the centre of activities?
Ans. The main centre of activities is the courtyard of house. Women cook food and work over there and children play there. They only use rooms for resting purposes.
Q.4 What are their food crops and cash crops?
Ans. The crop, which is edible and we use as food are called food crops. The main food crops of Nigeria are plantains, potatoes, yarns, ground nuts and pepper. The crop which is sold to other countries are called cash crops and the Nigeria’s cash crops include palm oil and cocoa.
Q.5 Who tends the food crops and the cash crops?
Ans. Food crops are usually tended by the women. Whereas, the cash crops are tended by men.
Q.6 What is made from cocoa beans and yield from palm trees?
Ans. From the fruit of cocoa tree, yield beans which are grounded into powder which forms chocolate. From the palm trees, palm oil is yield. When the oil from the trees is passed through the chemical processors, the palm oil is obtained in pure form.
Q.7 Why was continent Africa called “Dark Continent” once?
Ans. Continent Africa was called “Dark Continent” once because the habitats and civilizations of the people of this continent was not known to the world. Due to their backward living styles and old fashioned traits, this continent seems to be the dull part of this world.
Q.8 Give a brief account of Nigeria?
Ans. Nigeria is situated in West Africa and is one of the largest countries of Africa. Nigeria is basically an agricultural country. It is also a thickly populated country which comprises majority of farmers. A great part of Nigeria is covered with a dense forest.
Q.9 How is the life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer?
Ans. The life of Nigerian farmer differ from Pakistani farmer in many ways. Their agricultural style is quite different from our’s. They are not in the favour of keeping cattles because of the disease which unables them to use cattles in farming. Their daily routine of life also differs from Pakistani farmer.
Q.10 Describe the changes that are coming or likely to come soon in the life of the bush dwellers in Nigeria.
Ans. Many favourable changes are coming in the life of bush dwellers, which include the availability of transport and communication, health and education, food and water etc. Soon their life style will more develope because many more modern facilities are making their way in these villages.
Q.11 Describe the life of a Nigerian farmer and his wife?
Ans. The life a Nigerian villager is a model of hard work. From the rising of sun to the dark, they work in the fields and houses. Farmer usually does all the work related to agriculture and women do the household jobs including looking after the food crops.
Q.12 Describe the building style of Nigerian farm.
Ans. The building style of Nigerian farms consists of three styles. First style is a single roomed and simple but which is made from thick branches of trees. Other style is the cone shaped huts made from straw and whose roof is thatched grass, needs or palm trees. Last style is the two or three roomed huts made of wood or are plastered with mud.
Q.13 Why can Nigerian farmer not rear cattle?
Ans. Nigerian farmers are not interested in rearing cattles because of the major hazards for the cattles. Tse-Tse fly is the sign of dangers for them. On the other hand, it is also dangerous for human beings because it causes unconsciousness state which most of the time ends in death.
Sentences
1. Century: Computer is the most amazing invention of this century.
2. Cultivate: Modern methods of agriculture are being used to cultivate the fields.
3. Dense: Amazon forest is mainly covered with dense vegetation.
4. Export: Rice is the major export of Pakistan.
5. Scatter: The shelling of the police scatter the crowd.
6. Things out: The market is thickly, crowded at the beginning but it things out at the end.
Idioms
1. To shed crocodile tears: to weep insincerely, or hypocritically
Example: They were not all sorry when he died. They just sheded crocodile tears.
Sentence: From the attitude of UN towards Kashmir issue, it seems that it is just shedding crocodile tears.
2. To feel like first out of water: To feel out of place
Example: Being the only educated man in that village, I feel like a fish out of water there.
Sentence: Aslam was the only member of Women rights association and felt like a fish out of water.
3. To nip in the bud: To stop evil in the early stages
Example: The plot to overthrow the government was detected nd nipped in the bud.
Sentence: he should not prevail the bad atmosphere in the society and try, to nip in the bud of crimes.
4. To turn over a new leaf: To reform, to behave better
Example: The teacher pardoned the boy on the condition that he promised to turn over a new leaf.
Sentence: The death of his parents turned over a new leaf in his life.
Synonyms
1. Coartyard – Compound
2. Link – Join
3. Dense – Thick
4. Explore – Search
5. Introduce – Acquaint
6. Century – One Hundred
7. Majority – More than half
8. Cultivate – to grow
9. Facility – Convenience
Antonyms
1. Dense – Thin
2. Majority – Minority
3. Remote – Near
4. Major – Minor
5. Independent – Dependent
6. Interior – Exterior
7. Export – Import
Grammar
1. Complete the Following Sentences with Shall, Will, Should, Would:
1. I think I shall go to the Karachi next week.
2. You should not tell a lie.
3. We shall fight to the last men.
4. This office will remain open till midnight.
5. I shall be grateful if you kindly grant me a pass.
6. The train would have arrived now.
7. Should our motherland need it, we will lay down our lives for it.
8. You should respect your elders.
9. Had you been there, it would never have happened.
10. They should not violate any condition of this contract.
2. Prepositions
1. Please introduce me to your father.
2. He is not acquainted with my parents.
3. This machine is fitted with automatic control.
4. You are not fit for this job.
5. A round nail does not for into a square hole.
6. He has passed the examination and is not looking for a job.
7. The police are on the look out for the robbers.
8. Look for the meaning of this world in the dictionary.
9. He promised to look into this matter.
10. We look up at you to solve our problems.
3. Change into Passive Voice
1. A road links his village to the town.
Ans. His village is linked to the town by a road.
2. A snake in the grass stung his barefoot.
Ans. His barefoot was stung by a snake in the grass.
3. He cannot rear any cattle on his farm.
Ans. No cattle can be reared by him on his farm.
4. Their father settled the dispute between the brothers.
Ans. The dispute between the brothers was settled by their father.
4. Change into Active Voice
1.This lamp was lit by the servant.
Ans. The servant lit this lamp.
2. The soldier was ordered by the officer to report to him.
Ans. The officer ordered the soldier to report to him.
3. By whom was this blanket patched?
Ans. Who patched this blanket?
4. Was this land cultivated by the land owner himself?
Ans. Did the Land owner cultivated the land himself?

King Bruce and the Spider

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King Bruce and the Spider

CHAPTER – 17
Central Idea
Reference
this poem is written by Eliza cook (1818-1889). Born in London, she was the youngest of seven children. She was entirely self-educated and wrote verses from the age of fourteen. Her first volume being published at seventeen. In 1849, she edited and published, “Eliza Cooks Journal.” Her work is simple and highly moral. In this poem, she teaches the reader what she always practiced in her own life to keep on trying and never to be discouraged.
Theme
“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
or
“The world is his who her patients and industry.”
Central Idea
The central idea of this poem is that we should cultivate a strong will – power and a hopeful attitude to life, be bold through thick and thin, counting no labour loss and our heart within than. Almighty creator will surely help us if we adopt such a coarse. As it is also said, “The world is his who has patience and industry.”
Summary
The poetess has expressed the true sense of life in this poem. Solution to the problems of life and key to the success are being preached in this poem in a dramatic style.
This poem tells the story of the king Bruce of Scotland. Once he was defeated by the English men. He took refuge in a cave. Due to his repeated failures, he was very grieve. King Bruce mentally accepted his defeat from the English men.
One day, he was pondering at the point of his defeat, he watched a spider who was try8ng to reach to her cobweb. Thread was the only pathway for the spider to reach her destination. Spider started her voyage with great anxiety and force. But the spider come down to the initial stage where it had started her journey. King Bruce was showing issurity on the foolish attempts to reach the destination that spider will not try again.
However the spider succeeded in the 10th attempt to reach its cobweb. Afte the success to spider the King Bruce sounded in a optimistic order. “All honour to those who tries persistently.” King Bruce resoluted in heart to try once more in order to get the win over on his enemies.” At last he succeeded.
Question and Answers
Q.1 What lesson did the King learn from the spider?
Ans. The persistent tries of spider gave a positive spin to the thoughts of King Bruce and taught him that we are to be persistent and bold to achieve our aim of life. Continuous struggle to the main aim always produces a favourable result. We should try hard without caring for the resistance and circumstances of life.
Q.2. What do you know about King Bruce of Scotland?
Ans. King Bruce of Scotland was a very generous and patriotic Emperor. Once he fight with the British Army who wants to make a British colony in Scotland, but he was defeated. As he wanted to defeat his enemy, that’s why he made several attempts to get back his domain but he failed.
Q.3 What do you know about King Bruce of Scotland?
Ans. Eliza cook (1818-1889) was born in London. In 1849 she edited and published “Eliza cook’s Journal.” Her work is simple and highly moral and she teaches the readers what she always practiced in her life; to keep on trying and never to be discouraged.
Q.4 What is meant by poetess when she says that “a great deed”?
Ans. The poetess has used the words “a great hard” for the King Bruce. He had been trying hard to protect his domain from the contaminated hands of enemy. As the protection of country keeps a very high rank among the man’s priorities of life, that’s why the poetess called it “a great deed”.
Q.5 What resemblance, does the poetess find between the King Bruce and the Spider?
Ans. The points of similarity between the King Bruce and the spider were that the aim was quite far away from both of them. Both of them were having a very slightest hope to achieve success i.e. the spider had a single thread to reach the cobweb and the King Bruce also had a very tiny hope to win over his enemies.
Q.6 Why did the King Bruce or poetess call the spider “Brave”.
Ans. The poetess call the spider brave because it was very persistent and tried hard to complete her task. Although she suffered several failures, but she did not show any grieverence on the disportual of its fate. It went on making attempt and at last its persistent tries put it into the cobweb.
Idioms
1. To put into practice: to carry out in deeds.
Example: The soldiers put into practice the training they got in military school.
Sentence: We should put into practice the spirit of patriotism for our country.
2. A wild goose chose: An enterprise which will not succeed.
Example: The old man ran after the boy but a wild goose chase him.
Sentence: The coast guards ran after the criminals in their boats on a wild goose chase.
3. To end in smoke: To have no result, to come to nothing.
Example: Unless you preserve, your work will end in smoke.
Sentence: The soldiers struggled hard to destroy the foe’s base but it ended in smoke.
4. At a lost: Puzzled, not knowing what to do.
Example: I misplaced the book and I was at a loss: how to manage it.
Sentence: Someone stole by Physics book and I was at a loss ho to prepare for the Physics test.
5. With flying colours: To emerge successfully from some difficult task.
Example: Our team returned from the match with flying colours.
Sentence: Pakistan succeeded in the 1965 war with flying colours.

Inheritors

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Inheritors

CHAPTER – 18
Question and Answers
Q.1 What property did the two brothers inherit from their father and what was the suggestions of Azam about the division of property?
Ans. After the death of their father, their father inherited a cow, a date-palm, tree and a blanket equally. Azam, the elder brother suggested that the front part of cow, the upper part of the date-palm tree and the blanket from sunset till morning would belong to him. Where as Moazzam was alloted with the rear part of cow, the lower part of the tree and the blanket for the day time.
Q.2 Why did Moazzam agree to the division?
Ans. Moazzam was innocent and simple boy and agreed to the division because Azam had cunningly presented the useless part of the property as the better ones. Furthermore he believed that whatever his brother will divide, it will beneficial for both of them.
Q.3 Who fed the cow and who got the milk? and why did Azam not give dates to Moazzam?
Ans. According to the agreement between Azam and Moazzam, Moazzam was to feed the cow as the front part belonged to him and Azam got the milk as the rear part was his. Azam did not give the dates to Moazzam because the fruitful part of the tree belong to Azam.
Q.4 How did Moazzam teach the lesson to his elder brother?
Ans. After advising by an old man, Moazzam wisely foiled Azam’s tricks. When Azam was milking the cow he started hitting the cow’s head with a stick, when Azam was picking dates from the tree he started cutting the tree with an axe and when Azam took up blanket, he found it wet which was done by Moazzam. In this manner, Moazzam was able to teach the lesson to his brother.
Q.5 What is the moral of the lesseon “The Inheritors”?
Ans. The moral of the lesson is that falsehood have no ground bases to stand. We should be pragmatic in our dealings and we can answer cleverness by wisdom. We must obey our elder’s advice because their advice is as good as gold.
Q.6 Give the character sketch of Moazzam?
Ans. Moazzam was a very simple and trusting boy. He never hesitated in doing hard work. Obedience and innocence was also the part of Moazzam’s nature.
Q.7 Give the character sketch of Azam?
Ans.Azam was agreedy and selfish person. Being an elder, he had an ordering style. He was always in the favour of cunning and false hood. Laziness was also their in his character.
Q.8 How did Azam cheat Moazzam?
Ans. being selfish and clever, Azam took advantage of Moazzam’s simpliciity by taking every beneficial part of the inheritance. He fleeted milk of cow, fruit of the tree and blanket during night for himself and awarded Moazzam with useless and work needed parts of inheritance.
Q.9 What was the effect of the old man’s advice on Moazzam?
Ans. The oldman’s advice revealed the fact on Moazzam that he was being cheated by the cleverness of his elder brother. The old man made him realized that Azam was taking benefit of the inheritance. Being obedient, Azam accepted the advice of old man and answered the cleverness of his brother with his wisdom.
Sentences
1. Cheat: Aslam was cheated by Ikhlaq through his foolishness.
2. Division: The plan for the division of sub-continent on 14th August 47 is known as 3rd June PLan.
3. Guess: Ahmed could not guessed the mystery.
4. Property: The property of former PM was captured by the Government because he was found indulge in crimes.
5. Milk: I bought 5 litres of milk from the shop to make the milk shake.
Fill in the Blanks
1. Their mother had died in their childhood.
2. His younger brother. Moazzam was simple and trusting.
3. Azam the elder brother was very greedy and clever.
4. Azam suggested that they should divide the propery left by their father.
5. We shall just divide it verbally.
6. Moazzam was delighted with the generosity of this elder brother.
7. It shall be mine only from sunset to sunrise.
8. Now moazzam would feed the cow and Azam would milk it.
9. He did not offer even a single date to his younger brother.
10. Moazzam was quite content with it.
11. Azam enjoyed a deep sleep under the warm blanket.
Grammar
1. Nouns in Sentence
1. Die : Death
He has lost his balance of mind due to the death of his father.
2. Advise : Advice
We must obey our elder’s advice
3. Divide: Division
The plan for the division of sub-continent on 14th August 1947 was presented by Lord Mountt Batten.
4. Suggest: Suggestion
He did not accept any suggestion about his matter and suffered a heavy loss.
5. Agree: Agreement
An agreement of undertaking was signed between Pakistan and America on the basis of Kashmir.
6. Feed : Food
Proper food is not available in our remote villages .
2.Nouns
1. Clever – Cleverness
2. Greedy – Greedy
3. Generous – Generosity
4. Stupid – Stupidity
5. Innocent – Innocence
6. Simple – Simplicity
7. Young – Youth
3. Prepositions
1. He is fond of reading books.
2. Najma is not interested in games.
3. Ajmal is good at mathematics.
4. He is not fit for this job.
5. The baby is crying for its mother.
6. The nurse looks after the patient.
7. The patient has been cured of his disease.
8. He has given up smoking.
9. I am used to taking tea without sugar.
10. We should be proud of our country.
4. Change into Passive Voice
1. The old man advised Moazzam.
Ans. Moazzam was advised by the old man.
2. Moazzam fed and looked after the cow.
Ans. The cow was fed and looked after by Moazzam.

Casabianca

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Casabianca

CHAPTER – 19
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Felicia Dorethea Hemans (1973-1835). She was born at Liverpool, but the family moved to Wales where she was brought up. She was quick in mind and had a fine memory. As a poet, she has been compared to Long fellow. Like Couper, she loved the pathetic, and there is great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her work. She also stressed moral values.
Theme
“A man of courage is full of faith.”
or
“Patriotism is a great virtue that makes people forgive their selfness.”
Central Idea
The central idea of this poem is the the noble characteristics like chivalirism, obedience and morality demand the impossible, the obsolite and the death which itself transfigured into eternal life. Deep-rooted faithfulness is majestic and unmatched which makes a man rise above all personal affiliation.
Summary
This poem is written by an English poetess Felicia Dorothea Hemans.
Casabianca is not purely fictitous story. It is a story of brave and innocent boy. The poetess has depicted a scene of sea battle. Where a ship is own ablaze with casabiance standing on the deck. During the battle when every part of ship was gutted with fire, most of the crew members had died and the live ones had runaway to save their lives. But casabianca kept standing, fearless of fire and enemy’s shelling where he was in obedience of his father’s order who was the captain of the ship.
When the ship was burning with fire, Casabianca’s impatient nature made him ask the permission to leave the battle field but there was no reply as his father was dead.
In the last three stanzas, the poetess has described the scene of casabianca’s death when the flames of fire engulfed him, the ship was also blasted and his body blown to bites. But in reality his spirit and moral was not defeated. Till his last breath, he stood like rock facing death and danger.
Question and Answers
Q.1 Write a short note on Casabianca?
Ans. Casabianca was a young and brave soldier of his country. He was a born hero and has a very strong, composed and pleasant personality. Dutifulness and obedience were his making characteristics and he was proud of fighting for his country.
Q.2 What do you know about a battleship from this poem?
Ans. As the poem was written in the 19th century, in these days ships made from wood. There were different parts like most, helm, pennon fair etc. Moreover they also used, cannon balls for destruction purposes.
Q.3 How has the Felicia Dorothea Hemans been compared to other poets?
Ans. Felicia Dorothea Hemans has been compared to Henry Long Fellow and Couper. She had the same pathetic and there is a great enthusiasm for chivalry and heroism in her work like the other poets. She also stressed moral values.
Q.4 What does the poetess mean by saying that “Lone Post of Death”?
Ans. The poetess is describing the death scene of Casabianca through the phrase. It means that when the fire was near to engulf him and his death time had arrived, than he was all alone on the battleship. He had a desperation about his father, future i.e. about winning over the battle.
Q.5 Why does the poetess call the Casabianca “A Gallant Child”?
Ans. The poetess calls the Casabianca “a gallant child” because he stood like a rock, fairless of the fire, the enemy’s shelling and his despair in the moments of death and danger. When his body blown into bites i.e. he was defeated by the death, but actually his spirit was not overpowered and he remained as a brave and

The Khyber Pass

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The Khyber Pass

CHAPTER – 20
Question and Answers
Q.1 What is the Khyber Pass? How long it is ? Where do we go through the Pass?
Ans. Khyber Pass is one of the most famous pass which is a narrow mountain valley. It is about fifty kilometres long. From Khyber Pass we can go to Afghanistan and on the other side is the famous city of Peshawar.
Q.2 When did Aryans cross it and how many times did Mahmood Ghaznavi cross it and why?
Ans. Aryans crossed nearly four thousand years ago the Khyber Pass to enter Pakistan. Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi crossed the Khyber Pass seventimes. He crossed this passage in order to invade the sub-continent.
Q.3 What is the economical importance of Khyber Pass? Or Why it had been a famous trade in history?
Ans. The economical importance of Khyber Pass is that it is used a trading route between the different regions. It is the most favourable and best connection of East Asian countries with Central Asian countries for trading purposes. The important goods which are transferred through this pass into different regions include mirrors, furs, skins and fruits.
Q.4 What did the camel caravans carry? By what have the camels caravans been replaced?
Ans. The camel caravans carried mirrors, furs, skins, fruits, spices, silk, carpet etc to different parts of the region. The camels caravans have now been replaced by trains, trucks and lorries which are the most advanced and fastest means of transportation.
Q.5 Who lives in the mountains of the Khyber Pass?
Ans. The brave tribal people and Pathans live in the mountains of the Khyber Pass, who fought with the mighty British Empire for hundred years and defended their freedom. They are war like people among which keeping fire alarms is a common feature. But after joining Pakistan they are now the defenders of North-Western frontier of Pakistan.
Q.6 Why Landi Kotal is the famous place along the Pass?
Ans. Landi Kotal is the famous place along the Pass because it is the highest place about thirty km away from Jamrod Check post along the pass. It is also a market place where most of the people enjoy eating Tikkas and Chapli Kabab. Landi Kotal is a beautiful spot from where the road goes down winding through beautiful scenery.
Q.7 What is the historical importance of Khyber Pass?
Ans. The historical importance of Khyber Pass cannot be neglected because many Muslim conquerors like Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi, Shahabuddin Ghouri, Babur and Ahmed Shah Abdli made their way through this Pass. Mostly this pass had been used in the history for attacking nd conquering South Asia.
Q.8 Describe briefly the route from Peshawar to Khyber Pass.
Ans. The route for reaching Khyber Pass starts from the central city of Peshawar. About fourteen Kilometers from Peshawar is the Jamrod Check Post from where the permits are issued and which is surrounded by mountains. The road then runs is a haphazard manner to Landi Kotal, 30 km away from Jamrod Check Post and finally after a journey of ten km is the frontier post between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Sentences
1. Famous: Kentucky fried chicken has become very famous in Karachi.
2. Spices: Spices give a delicious taste to vegetables.
3. Conqueror: The conqueror Halaku Khan was the sign of terror for the whole world.
4. Defended: The borders of Pakistan were successfully defended by the soldier during 1965 war.
5. Stretched: He stretched his arms to hold the pile of books.
Fill in the Blanks
1. There are many who have traveled through some part of it.
2. Khyber Pass has been famous in history.
3. It has also been a famous trade route.
4. These brave tribes men fought the mighty British Empire.
5. They are the defenders of the North-Westen frontier of Pakistan.
6. They ate some Tikkas and Chapli Kabab.
7. The road goes down winding through beautiful scenery.
8. It has to run through many tunnels in the mountains.
9. They were welcomed by the soldiers guarding the frontier.
Compound Words
1. Pakistan – Flag
2. Camel – Caravan
3. Class – Fellows
4. Check – Post
5. Railway – Line
6. Mule – Trains
Idioms
1. Don’t go out alone in the Dark
Meaning: Don’t be out of doors at night alone.
Sentence: My parents always guide me not to go out in the dark.
2. There is such a strong breeze, the candle may go out
Meaning: There is such a strong breeze that the candle may be extinguished.
Sentence: Yesterday there was strong wind blowing that I said to my friends that their is such a strong breeze, the candle may go out.
3. Clothes go out of Fashion too fast
Meaning: Fashions of clothes last only for short periods of time.
Sentence: As it is a modern method so clothes go out of fashion too fast.
4. You can see more the land when the tides goes out
Meaning: When the water receds more the sea-shore is visible.
Sentence: When I went to the sea-side the tide was not very high so I said to my friend that you can see more the land when the tide goes out.
5. The party went all out to win the elections
Meaning: The party made strenuous efforts to win the election.
Sentence: My uncle is in politics so his party went all out to win the elections.
6. He goes out of his way to help
Meaning: He makes extra ordinary efforts to help
Sentence: My friend is very generous and kind so he always goes out of his way to help any body.
7. I’m going off to my friend’s house
Meaning: I am leaving for my friend’s house.
Sentence: Yesterday there was my friend’s birthday so I went off at 7′O clock to my friend’s house.
8. How did your interview go off?
Meaning: How did you fail in your interview?
Sentence: Yesterday my friend went to an organization in order to give his interview when he was returning him how did his interview go off?
9. England has gone off the gold standard
Meaning: England’s currency is no longer solidly backed by gold.
Sentence: The quality of Pakistani rice has not yet gone off beyond the standards.
10. I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb explodes
Meaning: I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb goes off.
Sentence: When some guys fitted the bomb in a school, the principal of a school was saying again and again that I hope the bomb squad reaches before the bomb goes off

The Minstrel Boy

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The Minstrel Boy

CHAPTER - 21
Central Idea
Reference
This poem is written by Thomas Moore (1779-1852) an Irish poet. He was born in Dublin where he studied at the best school. He was admitted to Trinity College at the age of 15 years. He became an enthusiastic Irish Poet. In imitation of Lord Byron, who was his friend, he wrote poem on an oriental theme called “Lalla Rookh”. His patriotic feelings is well expressed in this poem.
Theme
“Patriotism is not a short out burst of emotions but the tranquil and steady dedication of lifetime.”
or
“Only passions, great passions can elevate the soul into great things.”‘
Summary
The poem “The Minstrel Boy” has been written by a famous Irish poet Thomas Moore. He has expressed his patriotic feelings in this poem.
The poem is in the praise of a minstrel boy. He was a great singer who used to sing songs on the time of his harp in the peacetime. But when the wartime came on his country, he joined the army of flight for his country. Actually he was continuing the legacy of his fore fathers i.e. to fight for their country.
He fought bravely, with his sward and sacrificed his life for the protection of his motherland. When he was near to death, he tore off all his belonging because he wanted the enemy to realize that people like him would never allow him to touch their beloved homeland.
In the end the poet has show his patriotic feelings in a convincing way. He says that the enemy might defeat the minstrel boy physically but they could not conquer his spirits. The minstrel boy’s harp was destroyed by the minstrel boy himself because it was meant to sing in peace not in slavery. The extreme limit of patriotism is exhibited by their action.
Question and Answers
Q.1 What do you know about Thomas Moore?
Ans. Thomas Moore was an enthusiastic Irish poet. In the imitation of his friend Lord Byron, he wrote poem on an oriental theme called “Lalla Rookh”. He has expressed his patriotic feelings in this poem.
Q.2 What does Thomas Moore mean when he says as “thought all the world betray thee”?
Ans. Thomas Moore has tried to convey a message by these words to his nation that if you’ve got three things, no matter the whole world turns against you, you are not to afraid of it. Loyal and faithful companions, a beloved motherland and power to protect the privilege.
Q.3 Why did he destroy his harp?
Ans. Before the minstrel boy was dead he destroyed his harp because he wanted the enemy to realize that every single child of his nation would not allow them to touch their homeland with impure hands. Moreover his harp was meant to play in peace and if the harp had survived it would have chained into the atmosphere of slavery. The extreme limit of patriotism is exhibited by the action of minstrel boy.
Q.4 For whom the poet was the words warrior bard and proud soul?
Ans. Thomas Moore has paid a homage to the minstrel boy by alloting him the bites of “warrior bard” and the “proud soul”. Thomas Moore has used these words to exhibit the spirit of chamisism in the minstrel boy. He was a great and brave fighter and was proud of fighting for his homeland.
Q.5 For whom were the songs of harp made?
Ans. The songs sung on the tune of harp were the marks of peace and carried out detention against slavery. these songs were made to please the patriots of minstrel boy’s nation. Only faithfully and Loyal companions and the men who were got freedom of their homeland could hear these songs.

How To Do Things

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How To Do Things

CHAPTER – 22
Question and Answers
Q.1 What games were arranged for the guests?
Ans. To make the party colourful and fascinating, Shahnawaz also arranged some games. These games include “Passing the Parcel”, “Treasure Hunt” and “Musical Chair”. These games provided fun and laughter to the guests.
Q.2 When is a bicycle-rider a joy? When does this joy vanish?
Ans. Bicycle ride is a joy when one is young, it is also a pleasant experience when you are riding a bicycle. This joy suddenly vanishes when the cycle gets punctured. You feel while the riding that the tyre has lost its lightness and is pressing flat against the ground.
Q.3 What does the kit for mending the puncture contain?
Ans. The kit for mending the puncture is needed when the tyre last its lightness. The kit contains a wrench, a pair of small scissors, a piece of an old cycle tube, sand paper, a coloured pencil and the sticking solution.
Q.4 How is the “Parcel” prepared for the “Parcel Game”?
Ans.The parcel game is to be very interesting and exciting. A piece of Toffee is put in a small carton which was wrapped with many layers of coloured papers.
Q.5 How is the game “Treasure Hunt” played?
Ans. Treasure hunt is an interesting game. In treasure hunt small things wrapped in paper are to be hidden at different places in the room. The guest are to look for every where till all the treasures are found.
Q.6 Describe the process of mending a puncture?
Ans. In order to make a puncture, first of all we take out tube from the wheel and inflate it. Then we dip it in water and find out the puncture, mark it with the coloured pencil and dry it and rub it with sand paper and then apply sticking solution and press it. The tube is then put into tyre and pumped. The puncture has been mended.
Q.7 Describe the process of mending a puncture in a repair shop?
Ans. The purpose of mending a puncture at a bicycle repair shop is different one. A kind of half solid rubber solution is applied to the puncture part of the tube. It is heated at a certain temperature for some time in a machine which is a sort of press. The solution melts and sticks to the tube so that both are inseparable.
Q.8 What are the amusing aspects of parcel game?
Ans. The amusing aspects of parcel game are the punishment given during the games These punishments are the mixture of commands like “sing a song”, “crow like a cock”, “bleat like a goat”, “bray like a donkey”. Everyone has to obey the command that fell to it his lot.
Q.9 How can a successful party be arranged?
Ans. A successful party can be arranged through the following steps. A party should be well-planned and decorative to attract the people. The menu setting and serving counts very munch in a coourful party and there should be some entertainment for the guests.
Q.10 How decoration is necessary for arranging a party?
Ans. Decoration is the best way to make a party fascinating. If the decoration is not attractive the party has no effect. The party place should be adorn in such a manner that it could capture the attention of the guests and add beautiful colours to the party.
Sentences
1. Honour: It is an honou for us that Shahid Afridi has broken the world record.
2. Serve: We should serve our country with heart and soul.
3. Frighten: My sister is frightened of going into dark.
4. Riding: Riding a bicycle is a great fun.
5. Puncture: Puncture can easily be mended if you have the puncture kit with you.
Fill in the Blanks
1. Shahnaz was very happy because it was her birthday.
2. She had invited her friends to a party.
3. The two friends talked about the menu.
4. Now they got busy int he kitchen.
5. Riding a bicycle is joy when one is young.
6. They decided to buy the rest of the things from the market.
7. You are riding back home merrily.
8. You lay you bicycle on the ground.
9. You take out your kit for the puncture.
10. This emergency should not worry you if you are prepared on it.
Idioms
1. Odds and ends: A collection of obhects not belonging to any group of order, left over and discarded.
Example: That shop does not still anything in particular. It has only odds and ends.
Sentence: He claims that he is very fond of collecting precious stones, but his collection contains only odds and ends.
2. Under one’s nose: immediately with reach.
Example: You don’t have to go far. It’s under your nose.
Sentence: I looked for my English copy everywhere and it was under my nose all the time.
3. To poke one’s nose into: To meddle or interfere
Example: She has the bad habit of poking her nose into the matters that are not her concern.
Sentence: According to the charter of U.N. no country is allowed to poke her nose into the personal affairs of any country.
4. To kick up a row: To make a disturbance or noise
Example: If you don’t kick up a row, you will not be paid attention to
Sentence: The young boys started kicking up a row, when Micheal Jackson began to sing.
5. To wind up: To bring to an end
Example: I’m using my last week in the country to wind up by business here.
Sentence: The director winded up the set due to late arrival of the artist.
Grammar
1.Noun
1. Invite – Invitation
2. Busy – Business
3. Prepare – Preparation
4. Discuss – Discussion
5. Decorate – Decoration
6. Punish – Punishment
7. Collect – Collection
8. Sing – Song
9. Decide – Decision
2. Idiomatic Structures
1. To pour in: When I was passed in 9th class examination a number of phone calls of congratulations poured in.
2. To pour out: In winter season when I am feelings too cold. I asked my mother to pour out some hot tea for me.
3. To pour over: In the war, the nurse were pouring medicine over the wounded soldiers.
4. To put on: At the day of Eid festival, I put on my new clothes.

The Uses of Adversity

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The Uses of Adversity

CHAPTER – 23
Question and Answers
Q.1 Write the message of this poem?
Ans. Adversity is the mother of our noblest virtues that teach us patience, perseverance fortitude. Self help and sympathy and bring us nearest to Almighty creator. Adversity is a gift from God. Seeming ugly and dark but actually messengers of sweetness and light. As Francis Bacon says “The virtue of Adversity is fortitude, which is mortal in the more heroic virtue.”
Idioms
1. In black and white: In writing
Example: I cannot accept your oral complaint. It must be in black and white.
Sentence: The teacher rejected the student’s oral application by saying that it must be in black and white.
Idiomatic Structures
1. Out of: Only two out of ten people are eduction in our country.
2. Instead of: Instead of writing him a letter you can telegram.
3. Inspite of: Inspite of three warnings, the thief continue his work, that’s why Policeman arrested him.
4. Because of: Because of hardworking, I got 1st position in the class.
5. For the sake of: Captain Rashid Minhas died for the sake of country.
6. Every now and again: Few weeks ago strikes were being called every now and again.
7. All over again: Yesterday he lost his coy, so he rewrite his work all over again.
8. Time and again: He had been warned time and again to quit smoking by his parents.

Making A Summary

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Making A Summary

CHAPTER – 24
Question and Answers
Q.1 Give the Summary of the Lesson.
Ans. We use summary to express lengthy material in short steps. A good summary is generally one third of the length. Precise must not look like a collection of disjointed sentences nor should any important or beautiful idea of the original be left. For making a precise, we should keep five skills in mind among which generalizing of ideas is an initial step. Selection of related ideas, compression of lengthy sentences, use of indirect narration and reference of the author counts very much in Precise-writing.
Q.2 What is the significance of Precise-Writing?
Ans. The significance of Precise-writing is clear from the fact tht in this fast moving world, one could not pace up with the advancement of the world, so the man of this century depends mostly upon precise. It is the easiest way to get information at length in shortest possible time by average reading.
Q.3 What are the steps involved in Precise-Writing?
Ans. Precise-writing is used to express prolong material in short steps. A perfect precise can be produced by the combination of five steps among which use of indirect narration and compression of lengthy material are important. The other steps are selection of related ideas, generalizing of ideas and reference of the author.
Grammar
1. Give One General Word
1. Football, Cricket, Hockey, Volley ball – Games/Sports
2. Tables, Chairs, Sofas, Cupboards – Furniture
3. Snakes, Crocodiles, Lizards – Reptiles
4. Lions, Bears, Tigers – Beasts
5. Sheep, Goats, Horses, Camels, Donkeys – Cattles
2. Compress into One Word
1. That which cannot be done – Impossible
2. That which cannot be eaten – Inedible
3. That which cannot be described – Indescribable
4. That which cannot be conquered – Invincible
5. That which cannot be read – Illegible
6. That which cannot be seen – Invisible
7. That which cannot be avoided – Inevitable
3. Indirect Speech
1. “She is lonely”, they say
Indirect: They say that she is lonely.
2. “Could it be mended”? they asked.
Indirect: They asked if it could have been mended.
3. “Open the suit case”, he said to him.
Indirect: He ordered him to open the suit-case.
4. I am unwell”, he says
Indirect: He tells that he is unwell.
5. “I was lying”, he confessed.
Indirect: He confessed that he had been lying.

There’s A Good Time Coming

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There’s A Good Time Coming

CHAPTER – 25
Summary
Reference
This poem is written by Charles Mackay (1814-1889), a Scottish song writer. He was born in Perth. His mother died while he was an infant. He went to school in Brussels in 1828 and began writing verses in both English and French in 1880. He returned to London and worked for the “Morning Chronicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still live, Mackay wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.
Theme
“Hope Sustains the World.”
Summary
This poem is written by an Scottish poet Charles Mackay. This poem exhibits the strong assurity of the poet, being optimistic and religious that there once will day when everyone will enjoy the basic rights. The good time will prevail. The whole world regardless of area. Destructive weapons which are used to prove the truth shall be replaced by the good thoughts. The power of pen will exceed the power of sward i.e. the power will be used in positive spin.
Everyone will be free to enjoy his basic rights. The people will be respected on the virtue of their worth. There will be no extra support to walk over the ladder of life. Moral values like merit, privileges will hold the ground in that time.
It would be such an ideal time that no body will praise the wars to protect the material comb. The people will disgust the war because of unfairness and injustice.
In the end the poet has tied the hopes with humanity that by working together we can revolutionize the whole world and can bring the ideal future closer.
Central Idea
The Central Idea of this poem is that an era is to come with there will be no war because there will be a radical change in the outlook of people and nations. The poet Charles Mackay is optimistic that in future nations will agree to code of national behaviour humanity will emerge from the dark nights of wars and destructions and hail down of a new better era of peace and prosperity.
Question and Answers
Q.1 What do you know about the poet “Charles Mackay”?
Ans. Charles Mackay (1814-1889) was born in Scotland. In London, he worked for the “Morning Charnicle” till 1884 and then became editor of “Argus”. Besides his extremely popular songs, some of which still alive and he wrote books on travel, history and biography and was a good all round journalist.
Q.2 Do you agree with the poet that a good time is coming?
Ans. Yes, I agree with the poet that a good time is coming. He rightly said that if we worked together, we can bring the ideal future closer in which truthfulness, peace, Justice and merit will prevail all around the World. s poet tries to explain in his poem that even the lightest deeds dome with sincerity will produce the result naturally.
Q.3 What future does the poet promise for us?
Ans. Charles Mackay being optimistic promises an ideal future for us where there will be complete peace in the World. Good thoughts will be the most strongest weapon to protect the privileges and intellectuals will be the fighter instead of sword. Moral values like merit, worth will hold the ground in that time and people will regard wars as disgusting because of unfairness.
Q.4 Does poet expect us to make some effort of achievement?
Ans. Yes, Charles Mackay has tied strong hopes to us and by giving an initiative, he has asked us to bring the ideal future closer to us. According to poet it is our duty to make our combined efforts to get this goal in a positive and constructive way. In this way we can revolutionize the whole World.

The Customs of Various Regions of Pakistan

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The Customs of Various Regions of Pakistan

CHAPTER – 26
Question and Answers
Q.1 What sort of people are the Pathans and food of what kind do they like?
Ans. Pathans are enthusiastic warriors and extremities of weather and climate have made them physically very strong. They are famous for their hospitality and men power is taken as their pride in the community. Roast Mutton and spicy tongue are specially like by them.
Q.2 How and why does a tribes man announce the birth of a son?
Ans. A tribes man fires with the rifle to make the birth of son known publicly. He does so because the birth of son is regarded a blessing for them. Men power is taken as their pride in the community.
Q.3 Why is the Punjab called the seat of learning?
Ans. The Punjab is called the seat of learning because centuries ago, many educational, institutions flourished in this region and their import is still continue in the form of schools, colleges and universities. Taxila University, flourished two thousand and five hundred years ago gives a healthy proof that Punjab has always been a seat of learning.
Q.4 Where do the Punjabi farmers sit in the evening?
Ans. The Punjabi farmers sit in Chopals in the evening. They discuss about the weather and crops and also solve their disputes. They also enjoy songs and dances i.e. chopals gathering provides them recreation.
Q.5 What is the result of extreme weather on the lives of Balochis? Why Balochies lead simple nomadic life?
Ans. The extremities of weather unable the Balochis to lead their lives in just one place. They move from place to place in order to escape from the calamities of season. Their daily life is badly effected by weather.
Q.6 Describe a Balochi wedding?
Ans. A Balochi wedding ceremony is to be very joyous and jubilant which provides a joy to the guest. Men and women dance to the lively beat of drums which is considered to be the main heritage of the wedding. The groom feasts his own and bride’s guests.
Q.7 How old is the civilization of valley of Mehran and name the university existed that time?
Ans. The Valley of Mehran is one of the ancient civilization of the world which had life in 2500 B.C. It’s ancient city Moen-jo-Daro’s ruins speak of the highly developed society that existed there about 5000 years ago. The University of Taxila existed that time.
Q.8 Who are the famous saints of Sindh?
Ans. Lal Shahbaz Qalander and Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai are the famous saints of Sindh. These mystic poets and saints preached the message of Allah in a very convincing way. Their poetry is an important aspect of our culture.
Q.9 What are the famous crafts of Sindh?
Ans. Most of the crafts of Sindh emerged from the embroidery which is praised all over the country as well as in foreign countries. These handicrafts include dresses embroided with silk thread, beads and mirror. Mirror work is also done on purses and cushions.
Q.10 How are the marriages arranged and wedding ceremonies performed among Pathans?
Ans. The Pathans believe in arranged marriages which are done by their elders. Wedding ceremonies are celebrated with great vehemence in which guests make rhythmical movement to the beats of drum.
Q.11 Why is the Punjab called “Heart of Pakistan”?
Ans. Quaid-e-Azam declared Punjab as “Heart of Pakistan” because of its geographical and knowledge importance. It is a land of five rivers and seat of learning. The religious glimpse in the region is cleared from the fact that shrines of saints and holy men the living glory of Pakistan.
Q.12 What is an Urs and how it is celebrated?
Ans. Urs is the death or birth anniversary of mystic poets which is celebrated in a religious manner. People gather at the shrines and sing devotional songs. They attend the fairs connected with these urs.
Q.13 What is the importance of culture?
Ans. This lesson emphasizes upon the importane of culture for any nation. For any civilization called cultured is an important thing. As it is said that “A person without a heritage is just like a fiddler sitting on an inclined roof.”
Q.14 What is sandy and where it is used?
Ans. Sandy is sort of coal store which is used in extreme cold weather. Sandy with a little burning coal in the middle of the room which provide heat to the people. This instrument is common in Baluchistan.
‘Q.15 Write the main theme of this lesson?
Ans. This lesson tells us the fact that Pakistan is very rich in diversities of custom. It shows us that how people of different regions of our country lead their lives in connection with their customs. This cultural legacy is the basic identity of Pakistan.
Q.16 What do you know about Pakistani culture?
Ans. Pakistani culture comprises of different colourful customs which include religious festivals, lively marriage celebrations, arts and handicrafts. Pakistani culture is also embroided with the thread of simplicity and hospitality. This collective manifestation of customs and traditions mostly emerged from history which re the basic identity of Pakistan.
Fill in the Blanks
1. The birth of a son is therefore, regarded as a great blessing for the family.
2. The Pathans of the north are steady and warlike.
3. People from all over the country participate in the “URs” and sing devotional songs.
4. They will protect a visitor at the cost of their own lives.
5. The favourite food of the people is meat.
6. Roast mutton and Chapli Kababs are popular dishes.
7. Most festivals in Sindh, as in Punjab are of religious nature.
8. Sheep are bred in large herds on the green slopes of the northern regions.
9. The rock area is mostly barren.
10. The ancient city of Moen-jo-Daro dates back to 2500 BC.
Idioms
1. To see eye to eye with someone: To have the same opinion, or to agree with
Example: Management seldom see eye to eye with Labour.
Sentence: The opposition saw eye to eye when the Government is passing the bill against 8th amendment.
2. To turn a deaf ear to: To pay no attention to
Example: The employee kept pleading his case but the manager turned a deaf ear to it.
Sentence: Paksitan has raised Kashmir issue several times in the United Nations but it had turned a deaf ear to it.
3. A black sheep: A bad character in an other wise good group
Example: Our school has produced very good citizens but there are black sheep too.
Sentence: We should point at the black sheep of the society.
4. To take to task: To call to account, to blame, to rebuke
Example: Those who are corrupt will have to be taken to task of their doings.
Sentence: The manager was taken to task of his mis-dealings in the accounts of bank.
5. Far and wide: over a large area.
Example: This tour will take you over far and wide of the country.
Sentence: People from far and wide places came to see to newly born baby of the Kangaroo in the zoo.
6. At large: at liberty, or free.
Example: The politician is popular at large.
Sentence: People at large condemned the opening of wine shops in their locality.

The Man Who Wins

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The Man Who Wins

CHAPTER – 27
Central Idea
Though the poet for this poem is anonymous but it breathes out the moral that we should produce in us a strong will power, self-confidence and positive attitude towards life. Once we decides upon an objective and has the will to do something suiting our natural aptitude and use our energies in attaining it, we can work wonders and will surely achieve it.
Summary
This poem emphasizes upon the importance of good thoughts and will power. It is written by an anonymous poet.
It is rightly said that man who thinks can win. Conversely, if your thinking is pasimistic and less practical than it will give negative impression on your deeds. If you want to do something but your thinking is negative, than you will left behind in the race of life.
Our way of actions, way of efficiency depends on the thinking. We always find this rule every where. According to the poet the germs of a personality are the power to get rid of any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence.
Life is a kind of war. You have to fight every time while you are living your life. A man with strong will and good thoughts can win over this battle. Strengths of mind and integrity of thoughts are keys of success.
“One can never achieve anything lasting in this world by being irresolute.”
Question and Answers
Q.1 Express line 3 and 4 of the first stanza in your own sentences?
Ans. The poet has conveyed a very powerful message through these lines that if you have good facilities to do something but if your thinking is negative, you will fail to do it. If your thinking is pasimistic and less practical you will get the result in the same way.
Q.2 What according to the poet qualities needed by a person to get success in life?
Ans. The poet has given a good description of the gems of a perfect personality. Power to overcome any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence are the basic pillars of success. By these qualities men can struggle with the resistance of life.
Q.3 What are the results according to the poet brought by high thoughts?
Ans. The poet has explained the advantages of high thoughts in a very convincing way that widening of thoughts provides spiritual power to us. Strength of mind and integrity of thoughts are the real rewards of high thoughts. If a person thinks high he can win over the battle of life.
Q.4 What is the message of the poem “The Man who Wins”?
Ans. The poem “The Man Who Wins” discloses the secret of success in life by telling the importance of good, thoughts and will power. Power to overcome any kind of complexes, widening of thoughts and complete faith and self-confidence are the gems of perfect personality. By thinking high a man can winover the battle of life.

Letters class X

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Letters

To Uncle Thanking Him for the Birthday Present

Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998

My Dear Uncle,
I received your telegram full of blessings and a parcel delivered to me by a postman containing a beautiful Omega watch.
Your present reminds me of your deep affection that you have in your heart for me. I liked the watch you has sent for me. I really needed a watch this time. How nice of you that you have fulfilled my need. I shall consider it a precious thing like a diamond. It will also make me punctual.
Uncle I missed you very much in the happy occasion of my birthday. I have taken many photographs and will send some of the prints to you.
My letter is getting long. Allow me to close my letter here.
With regards an good wishes to you.

Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z

To Your Friend Requesting Him To Lend Camera To You

Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998

My Dear friend,
I hope you will be fine and by the grace of Almighty God I am also in good health and spirit.
I am accompanying my parents to some sight seeing places in Thatta, Hyderabad and Khairpur. I need a good camera for taking photograph while on tour.
I know that you own a Maya Camera. So could you please lend me your camera for few days.
I will take at most care of it while it will be in my custody and shall return you to its original condition.
I hope you will not turn down my request when I will come in a day or two to collect it from you.
With regards an good wishes to you.

Your Sincere Friend,
X-Y-Z

To Your Friend Requesting Her/Him To Spend Summer Vacations With You

Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998

My Dear Friend,
For a long time we did not correspond with each other. I hope you are in good health and by the grace of Almighty God I am also hale and hearty here.
I am especially writing this letter to you for a particular purpose. My parents have planned to visit some historical places in Sindh. In middle of this month. I am ware of the fact that your school has closed down for summer vacations so how about visiting us in Karachi and accompanying me with my parents on all excursion. We shall have a topping time visiting places in Sindh and going out for shooting birds.
I hope you will like my suggestion and let me know of your programme by return of mail.
Allow me to close my letter here with good wishes and good luck to you.

Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z

To Your Friend Inviting Her/Him On Your Birthday Party

Examination Hall,
Karachi.
4th September, 1998

My Dear Friend,
I heard that you have returned from States recently. How was your stay there. Your sister wrote to me several letters and I promptly replied to her.
Any how let me come to the point of my letter. I am celebrating my fourteenth birthday on 28th of December. I have invited almost all friend whom you know very well. The venue of the party is my residence and time is 5 pm.
May I take this opportunity to informally invite you to attend my birthday party on date and time mentioned as above.
We shall have a topping time and it will be a great pleasure for me to feel your presence at the party.
I shall eagerly be looking forward to your attending my birthday party.
With good wishes and good luck to you.

Your’s affectionately
X-Y-Z

To Your Friend Telling Him Your Inability to Join Him On A Picnic